Kauai Longitudinal Study: A Trailblazer in Child Development Research

Beginning in 1955, Emmy Werner and her colleagues embarked on a remarkable journey, tracking the lives of nearly every child (approximately 700) born on the Hawaiian island of Kauai that year. This study stood out for its duration and its focus. Instead of concentrating only on the problems and pathologies children faced, Werner’s study also looked at what went right, laying the groundwork for what we now know as the study of resilience.

The research identified a group of children who, despite being born into high-risk situations (such as poverty, familial discord, or parents with mental health issues), grew into competent, confident, caring and successful adults. This finding was revolutionary, as it challenged the then-prevailing belief that early adversity would invariably lead to poor outcomes in adulthood.

Key Findings and How They Can Help Us:

1. Resilience as a Common Trait: Werner found that a significant proportion of children who faced early adversities (about one-third) grew into well-adjusted and successful adults. This finding was crucial in demonstrating that resilience is not rare or extraordinary but can be found in ordinary people.

2. Protective Factors: The study identified several protective factors that helped children to cope with adversity and develop resilience. These included:

Personal Attribute: Qualities such as autonomy, a strong sense of self-awareness and social responsiveness were common among resilient children.
Supportive Relationships: A strong and stable relationship with a caring adult, whether a parent, relative, or teacher, was a key factor in resilience.
Community Resources: Access to support systems outside the family, such as schools, social services, and faith communities, played a significant role in helping children overcome challenges.

3. The Role of Temperament: Werner observed that children who were resilient often had temperaments that elicited positive responses from others. They were typically sociable, easy to care for, and elicited warmth and support from adults around them.

4. Coping Strategies: Resilient children often developed effective coping strategies. These included an ability to seek out help and support, a positive outlook on life, and skills in problem-solving.

5. Turning Points: The study found that life transitions and turning points, such as a new school or job, military service, or a significant relationship, often provided opportunities for change and growth in resilient individuals.

6. Education as a Buffer: Educational attainment was identified as a significant buffer against adversity. Those who did better academically often had better life outcomes.

7. Multiple Pathways to Resilience: Werner's study highlighted that there are multiple and individual pathways to resilience. Children adapt and respond to adversity in different ways, and there is no single pattern or formula for resilience.

These findings from Emmy Werner's study have significantly influenced our understanding of resilience and how children flourish. They emphasise the importance of supportive relationships, positive personal traits, community resources, and coping strategies in overcoming adversity.

At Academic Asia, we understand these factors and look to enhance them in the lessons we teach and the relationships we built with our students. Our vision is to influence a child for the rest of their lives as well as their examinations.